Experiment of Calcium Carbonate Composition of Eggshells

Analysis of Calcium Carbonate Composition of Eggshells Presentation Calcium carbonate, CaCO3, is found in nature invigorating hardness and to things, for example, shells, rocks, and eggshells. As hard as this substance may be, it will respond promptly with hydrochloric corrosive to yield carbon dioxide gas (and two different items). In this trial understudies will plan an investigation by responding eggshells with 2 M HCl to look at the calcium carbonate creation of white (chicken) eggshells to brown eggshells. By and large, 2.2 grams of calcium as calcium carbonate. Around 94% of a dry eggshell is calcium carbonate and has a run of the mill mass of 5.5 grams,1 despite the fact that these qualities can vary contingent upon sources. Sums as low as 78% have been distributed. The staying mass is made to a great extent out of phosphorus and magnesium, and follow measures of sodium, potassium, zinc, manganese, iron, and copper. On account of earthy colored versus white eggs, a conclusive contrast in calcium carbonate sums might be difficult to reveal. In any case, think about this. The shade of the eggs is simply a consequence of an alternate variety. The quality, dietary benefit, and taste are indistinguishable among white and earthy colored eggs, however two outstanding contrasts are size and cost. Earthy colored eggs are normally bigger and marginally progressively costly. The explanation behind the cost increment is on the grounds that earthy colored eggs originate from bigger hens, which sh ould be taken care of more food day by day. With a bigger admission of calcium every day, one may anticipate that the created egg should have a higher calcium carbonate content. In any case, since the eggs are bigger, it must be remembered that the calcium is spread over a bigger surface zone during egg development. An earthy colored eggshells expanded propensity to break, when contrasted with white, is frequently credited to this â€Å"thinning out† of calcium during statement. To keep away from the breakage of eggs before arriving at advertise, the eggshells should be as solid as could reasonably be expected. The quality of eggshells is essentially dictated by the level of calcium carbonate in it. So as to screen the nature of eggshells, the accompanying test must be done to decide the level of calcium carbonate in eggshells. In this trial, back titration is utilized. In the first place, overabundance corrosive is responded with the calcium carbonate in eggshells. 2HCl(aq)+CaCO3(s)â†'CaCl2(aq)+H2O(l)+CO2(g) Afterward, on the off chance that we can discover the quantity of mole of unreacted corrosive, number of mole of calcium carbonate would then be able to be discovered. The quantity of mole of unreacted corrosive can be found by titration with the accompanying response. HCl(aq)+NaOH(aq)â†'H2O(l)+NaCl(aq) Rate by mass of calcium carbonate in eggshell would then be able to be determined by the accompanying equation: 4.2AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The reason for this analysis is to decide the rate by mass of calcium carbonate in eggshells. structure an investigation that measures the measure of calcium carbonate present in a whiz substance. relate the measure of a reactant or result of a substance response to another reactant or item. work cooperatively with their companions to take care of a given issue in the research facility such that models the logical strategy. apply a typical corrosive response between hydrochloric corrosive and the carbonate particle. Part 2 Hypothesis METHOLOGY Guideline OF THE EXPERIMENT During this analysis, the level of CaCO3 in an eggshell is dictated by responding the eggshell with hydrochloric corrosive. The condition for this response is: 2HCl (aq) + CaCO3(s)â†'Ca2+ (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l) + 2Cl-(aq) This response can't be utilized straightforwardly titrate with the CaCO3. Rather, an overabundance of hydrochloric corrosive is added to disintegrate the eggshell, and the staying corrosive is titrated with NaOH answer for decide the measure of corrosive that didn't respond with the eggshell. The condition used to decide the measure of extra corrosive is: HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) â†' H2O (l) + Na+ (aq) + Cl-(aq) Device AND EQUIPMENTS Measuring glass Pipette Filler Electronicbalance Volumetric jar BuretteWash bottle Mortar and pestle Conical jars White tile Channel pipe Filtter paper 25.00 cm 3 pipette Synthetic substances USED 2 M HCl Phenolphthalein 2 M NaOH Technique White and Red shading eggshells have taken and the protein layer was evacuated within the eggshells. The eggshell was washed with refined water Dried in a stove for few moments. The eggshell was then grounded into fine powder by mortar and pestle. 2g of eggshell powder is weighted precisely by utilizing an electronic equalization and it was moved to a cone shaped jar. 25.00 cm3 of HCl was pipetted to break down the eggshell powder. Refined water was added to the jar until it came to about 100cm3. The flagon was whirled tenderly. Put the arrangement into cubed for two days. Wavered the arrangement utilizing channel papers. Pippet out 25.00 cm3 from every answer for titration carafes. The arrangement was then titrated with normalized NaOH. Rehash another two examples from every arrangement. Gather the right burette readings toward the end point. Part 3 Test RESULTS THE COLOR CHANGE OF THE SOLUTION White egg Brown egg Vapid pink Colorless pink THE TITRATION RESULT OF BROWN EGG 1 2 3 Volume of eggshells arrangement/cm3 25.00 25.00 25.00 Volume of NaOH utilized/cm3 20.10 19.90 20.10 Normal volume of NaOH utilized: (20.10+19.90+20.10) = 20.03cm33 THE TITRATION RESULT OF WHITE EGG 1 2 3 Volume of eggshells arrangement/cm3 25.00 25.00 25.00 Volume of NaOH utilized/cm3 20.40 20.35 20.00 *Average volume of NaOH utilized: (20.40+20.35+20.00) =20.25cm33 Part 4 Counts Counts 2HCl (aq) + CaCO3(s)â†'Ca2+ (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l) + 2Cl-(aq) HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) â†' H2O (l) + Na+ (aq) + Cl-(aq) FOR BROWN EGG Number of moles of NaOH used to respond with HCl =20.03cm3/1000) X2M = 40.06X 10-3 mol Since number of moles of NaOH = number of moles of HCl in 25cm3 =40.06 X 10-3 mol HCl mols in 100cm3 = 40.06 X 10-3 X 4 mol The underlying no of moles of HCl: volume X molarity = 100/1000 X2M = 200X10-3 mol Number of moles of HCl used to respond with CaCO3 = ( 200X10-3 160.24X 10-3) mol = 39.76X10-3 mol As indicated by the condition, one mole of HCI required to respond with 2 moles of CaCO3, Number of moles of CaCO3 responded =39.76X10-3/2 = 19.88X10-3 mol The heaviness of CaCO3 = 19.88X10-3g X100g The % of CaCO3 in eggshell (earthy colored) = (1.988/2) X100% =99.4% FOR WHITE EGG Number of moles of NaOH used to respond with HCl: (20.25cm3/1000)X2 = 40.50X10-3mol Since number of moles of NaOH=number of moles of HCl in 25cm3 = 4.50X10-3mol HCl Volume in 100cm3 = 40.50 X10-3 X4 mol The underlying moles of HCl: volume X molarity = 100/1000 X2M = 200X10-3 mol Number of moles of HCl used to respond with CaCO3 : ( 200X10-3 162X10-3) mol = 38X10-3 mol Number of moles of CaCO3 responded =38X10-3/2 = 19X10-3 mol The heaviness of CaCO3 = 19X10-3g X100 The % of CaCO3 in eggshell (white) = (1.9/2) X100% =95.0% Part 5 Conversation AND CONCLUTION End Level of CaCO3 in red eggshells= 99.4% Level of CaCO3 in white eggshells= 95.0% Along these lines red eggshells has the higher level of CaCO3. Conversation Wellspring of mistakes The eggshell powder didn't break down totally Variety in visual judgment toward the end point Instrumental mistakes of the electronic parity The eggshell was not completely dried A few beads of arrangement may at present follow on the measuring utencil and the glass bar which lead to the decrease in number of moles of overabundance HCl In this Experiment we can likewise do the EDTA titration. REFERENCES http://www.google.lk/search?hl=ensource=hpq=caco3+percentage+in+eggshellbtnG=Google+Searchmeta=aq=foq= http://wwwchem.csustan.edu/chem1102/Egg.htm http://www.oppapers.com/papers/Determine-Percentage-Mass-Calcium-Carbonate-Eggshells/165593 http://ag.ansc.purdue.edu/poultry/multistate/koelkebeck1.htm

September 2018 Horoscopes and Book Recommendations

September 2018 Horoscopes and Book Recommendations Welcome to Book Riot’s September 2018 Horoscopes and Book Recommendations! Find your astrological sign below for your September horoscope, perfectly paired with a newly released book. Aries (March 21-April 19) Your success in September will be dependent on your ability to play well with others. You prefer to take the lead in your professional and personal life, and that often serves you well. But this month, you’ll see more success if you can let go of the reins and focus on collaboration. Your social connections will also introduce you to interesting new people and opportunities this month. Check out We Fed an Island: The True Story of Rebuilding Puerto Rico, One Meal at a Time by celebrity chef José Andrés, with a foreword from Lin-Manuel Miranda. Andrés tells the story of group of chefs who fed hundreds of thousands in Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria, and discusses the failure of the U.S. government to respond to a humanitarian crisis. Taurus (April 20-May 20) September may be a tough month for you, Taurus. Finances are tight, love relationships are rocky, and your loved ones are asking for a lot of your time and energy to resolve their problems. You might feel like you aren’t able to get anything done. The good news from the stars is that you’re in good health this month, and you might find success if you’re looking for a new job. Hang in there! Read Housegirl (Aug. 28, Picador) by Michael Donkor, a coming-of-age novel that explores friendship, identity, and secrets. When rule following housegirl Belinda is pulled from her home in Ghana to provide a good influence for the daughter of wealthy immigrants in London, the two form an unlikely friendship. Gemini (May 21-June 20) As an adaptable Gemini, you’re capable of playing many roles in your workplace and personal relationships. This month, the best role you can play is that of a cheerleader to your colleagues and loved ones. Be supportive of your friends’ endeavors, and offer a helping hand. They’ll pay it back when you need it down the road. September may also bring new romantic opportunities for single Geminis. You might enjoy The Personality Brokers: The Strange History of Myers-Briggs and the Birth of Personality Testing (Sept. 11, Doubleday) by Merve Emre. It tells the weird, true story of a mother and daughter, both novelists turned amateur psychoanalysts, who created the most popular personality test in the world. Cancer (June 21-July 22) Ok, I’ll give you the bad news and then the good news for September. It will be a hard month for Cancers to make any big decisions or changes. You’ll find yourself at many crossroads, conflicted about which path to take. Avoid making any choices with big consequences in September if you can. The good news is that September will be a great financial month for you, with money coming in from sales, family contacts, or new ventures. Spend wisely! I recommend The Seclusion (Sept. 4, Inkshares) by Jacqui Castle, a dystopian novel set in 2090 when the U.S. has walled itself off on the northern and southern border. When a young woman’s father is arrested by the totalitarian government, she sets out to escape the country and find the truth about the past. Leo (July 23-August 22) Luck is on your side this month, Leo. New projects at work will be successful, travel opportunities will come your way, and investments may pay off. Unfortunately, you won’t be so lucky in love in September. Romantic relationships may be rocky, and single Leos aren’t likely to find new partners. Embrace the other aspects of your life going well, and save new romance for another day. Read a book of narrative nonfiction like The Dinosaur Artist: Obsession, Betrayal, and the Quest for Earths Ultimate Trophy (Sept. 11, Hachette Books) by Paige Williams. By examining the wild world of fossil collection and the strange case of one Mongolian dinosaur skeleton, Williams questions who really owns the past. Virgo (August 23-September 22) Happy Birthday, Virgo! This month will be about appreciating the little things for you. Spend quality time with your loved ones or pick up an abandoned hobby. You’re in great health in September, so get some exercise and spend some time in nature. Don’t get upset about things outside of your control. Instead, bask in the things that bring you joy. Check out a book in a fresh and exciting genre youve been wanting to explore. I recommend A Spark of White Fire (Sept. 11, Sky Pony Press) by Sangu Mandanna, a captivating space opera featuring capricious gods, a cursed queen, and badass heroine. Libra (September 23-October 22) You spend a lot of time caring for your loved ones, but September is a month to focus on you. Treat yourself to a nice meal, a new outfit, or a relaxing vacation. Your career won’t need all of your attention this month, so it’s a good time for some self care or a little time off. It’s also a great month for romantic relationships new and old. Your charm will take you far this month! You might enjoy reading a poetry collection in September. Try  Citizen Illegal (Sept. 4, Haymarket Books) by José Olivarez. It’s an emotional and vivid portrayal of life in the space between Mexico and the U.S., full of sorrow, joy, and complex identities. Scorpio (October 23-November 21) You’re on fire this month, Scorpio! You’ve got a ton of energy and big ideas for how to use it. With some hard work and your intuition, you can accomplish a lot in September. Be patient and avoid aggression if others don’t live up to your standards, though. You have high expectations, and not everyone can keep up with your pace. With all of your energy, it’s a great month to pick up an active hobby or new sport. Read The Impossible Girl (Sept. 18, Lake Union) by Lydia Kang, a mystery novel set in 1850s Manhattan. Cora Lee has a gift for acquiring unusual corpses for anatomists and curious members of the public. When word gets out the Cora was born with two hearts, some of her clients won’t wait until she dies of natural causes to get a closer look. Sagittarius (November 22-December 21) Your leadership and hard work in your professional life will be recognized this month, Sagittarius. New projects will have a lot of momentum, and your extra efforts in the office may lead to a promotion or raise. Unfortunately, your extra energy spent at work may cause you to neglect your health or your personal relationships. Build in some time for rest and relaxation after the 23rd. I recommend She Would Be King (Sept. 11, Graywolf Press) by Wayétu Moore, a mythical retelling of the formation of Liberia. Three fascinating and magical characters must use their powers to balance the relationship between American colonists and Liberias indigenous tribes. Capricorn (December 22-January 19) September will be all about ambition for Capricorns. Do you have a past project or idea that you never got to follow through? This is a great month to dust off your old plans and give them a second chance. Personal growth and learning will help you reach your professional goals. It’s also a good time for international travel if the opportunity presents itself. If you can’t travel, seek out new opportunities near home. Read a book set in far off (or futuristic) places, like Mirage (Aug. 28, Flatiron Books) by Somaiya Daud. On a distant planet dominated by a violent empire, young Amani is kidnapped and forced to stand in as a body double for a hated princess. Aquarius (January 20-February 18) This will be a month of reflection for you, Aquarius. You have questions about where your choices earlier in the year have led you, and you’ve got the perspective to reevaluate. Philosophy or spirituality may provide some clarity for you. You can also turn to a close mentor or older relative for advice. Use your personal reflection and deep conversations to set up a plan for the rest of the year. You might enjoy On the Other Side of Freedom (Sept. 4, Viking) by activist and Black Lives Matter organizer DeRay Mckesson. It’s a powerful essay collection that is part memoir, part philosophy, and part how-to guide for political activism. Pisces (February 19-March 20) September will bring some turmoil in your life. Colleagues may pull you into personal drama, so try to keep the peace and be prepared to draw boundaries where necessary. Finances are tough this month as well, so limit excess spending if possible. Luckily, turmoil in romantic relationships may ultimately bring some excitement and happiness. Embrace the chaos and it may work in your favor. Read a fast-paced thriller, like When the Lights Go Out (Sept. 4, Park Row) by Mary Kubica. Jessie has led a quiet life taking care of her terminally ill mother. When she decides to change direction and apply to college, a red flag from her social security number unearths a mystery that causes her to question her identity. We hope you enjoyed your September 2018 Horoscopes and Book Recommendations! Looking for more? Check out your suggestions for  June, July, and August!

September 2018 Horoscopes and Book Recommendations

September 2018 Horoscopes and Book Recommendations Welcome to Book Riot’s September 2018 Horoscopes and Book Recommendations! Find your astrological sign below for your September horoscope, perfectly paired with a newly released book. Aries (March 21-April 19) Your success in September will be dependent on your ability to play well with others. You prefer to take the lead in your professional and personal life, and that often serves you well. But this month, you’ll see more success if you can let go of the reins and focus on collaboration. Your social connections will also introduce you to interesting new people and opportunities this month. Check out We Fed an Island: The True Story of Rebuilding Puerto Rico, One Meal at a Time by celebrity chef José Andrés, with a foreword from Lin-Manuel Miranda. Andrés tells the story of group of chefs who fed hundreds of thousands in Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria, and discusses the failure of the U.S. government to respond to a humanitarian crisis. Taurus (April 20-May 20) September may be a tough month for you, Taurus. Finances are tight, love relationships are rocky, and your loved ones are asking for a lot of your time and energy to resolve their problems. You might feel like you aren’t able to get anything done. The good news from the stars is that you’re in good health this month, and you might find success if you’re looking for a new job. Hang in there! Read Housegirl (Aug. 28, Picador) by Michael Donkor, a coming-of-age novel that explores friendship, identity, and secrets. When rule following housegirl Belinda is pulled from her home in Ghana to provide a good influence for the daughter of wealthy immigrants in London, the two form an unlikely friendship. Gemini (May 21-June 20) As an adaptable Gemini, you’re capable of playing many roles in your workplace and personal relationships. This month, the best role you can play is that of a cheerleader to your colleagues and loved ones. Be supportive of your friends’ endeavors, and offer a helping hand. They’ll pay it back when you need it down the road. September may also bring new romantic opportunities for single Geminis. You might enjoy The Personality Brokers: The Strange History of Myers-Briggs and the Birth of Personality Testing (Sept. 11, Doubleday) by Merve Emre. It tells the weird, true story of a mother and daughter, both novelists turned amateur psychoanalysts, who created the most popular personality test in the world. Cancer (June 21-July 22) Ok, I’ll give you the bad news and then the good news for September. It will be a hard month for Cancers to make any big decisions or changes. You’ll find yourself at many crossroads, conflicted about which path to take. Avoid making any choices with big consequences in September if you can. The good news is that September will be a great financial month for you, with money coming in from sales, family contacts, or new ventures. Spend wisely! I recommend The Seclusion (Sept. 4, Inkshares) by Jacqui Castle, a dystopian novel set in 2090 when the U.S. has walled itself off on the northern and southern border. When a young woman’s father is arrested by the totalitarian government, she sets out to escape the country and find the truth about the past. Leo (July 23-August 22) Luck is on your side this month, Leo. New projects at work will be successful, travel opportunities will come your way, and investments may pay off. Unfortunately, you won’t be so lucky in love in September. Romantic relationships may be rocky, and single Leos aren’t likely to find new partners. Embrace the other aspects of your life going well, and save new romance for another day. Read a book of narrative nonfiction like The Dinosaur Artist: Obsession, Betrayal, and the Quest for Earths Ultimate Trophy (Sept. 11, Hachette Books) by Paige Williams. By examining the wild world of fossil collection and the strange case of one Mongolian dinosaur skeleton, Williams questions who really owns the past. Virgo (August 23-September 22) Happy Birthday, Virgo! This month will be about appreciating the little things for you. Spend quality time with your loved ones or pick up an abandoned hobby. You’re in great health in September, so get some exercise and spend some time in nature. Don’t get upset about things outside of your control. Instead, bask in the things that bring you joy. Check out a book in a fresh and exciting genre youve been wanting to explore. I recommend A Spark of White Fire (Sept. 11, Sky Pony Press) by Sangu Mandanna, a captivating space opera featuring capricious gods, a cursed queen, and badass heroine. Libra (September 23-October 22) You spend a lot of time caring for your loved ones, but September is a month to focus on you. Treat yourself to a nice meal, a new outfit, or a relaxing vacation. Your career won’t need all of your attention this month, so it’s a good time for some self care or a little time off. It’s also a great month for romantic relationships new and old. Your charm will take you far this month! You might enjoy reading a poetry collection in September. Try  Citizen Illegal (Sept. 4, Haymarket Books) by José Olivarez. It’s an emotional and vivid portrayal of life in the space between Mexico and the U.S., full of sorrow, joy, and complex identities. Scorpio (October 23-November 21) You’re on fire this month, Scorpio! You’ve got a ton of energy and big ideas for how to use it. With some hard work and your intuition, you can accomplish a lot in September. Be patient and avoid aggression if others don’t live up to your standards, though. You have high expectations, and not everyone can keep up with your pace. With all of your energy, it’s a great month to pick up an active hobby or new sport. Read The Impossible Girl (Sept. 18, Lake Union) by Lydia Kang, a mystery novel set in 1850s Manhattan. Cora Lee has a gift for acquiring unusual corpses for anatomists and curious members of the public. When word gets out the Cora was born with two hearts, some of her clients won’t wait until she dies of natural causes to get a closer look. Sagittarius (November 22-December 21) Your leadership and hard work in your professional life will be recognized this month, Sagittarius. New projects will have a lot of momentum, and your extra efforts in the office may lead to a promotion or raise. Unfortunately, your extra energy spent at work may cause you to neglect your health or your personal relationships. Build in some time for rest and relaxation after the 23rd. I recommend She Would Be King (Sept. 11, Graywolf Press) by Wayétu Moore, a mythical retelling of the formation of Liberia. Three fascinating and magical characters must use their powers to balance the relationship between American colonists and Liberias indigenous tribes. Capricorn (December 22-January 19) September will be all about ambition for Capricorns. Do you have a past project or idea that you never got to follow through? This is a great month to dust off your old plans and give them a second chance. Personal growth and learning will help you reach your professional goals. It’s also a good time for international travel if the opportunity presents itself. If you can’t travel, seek out new opportunities near home. Read a book set in far off (or futuristic) places, like Mirage (Aug. 28, Flatiron Books) by Somaiya Daud. On a distant planet dominated by a violent empire, young Amani is kidnapped and forced to stand in as a body double for a hated princess. Aquarius (January 20-February 18) This will be a month of reflection for you, Aquarius. You have questions about where your choices earlier in the year have led you, and you’ve got the perspective to reevaluate. Philosophy or spirituality may provide some clarity for you. You can also turn to a close mentor or older relative for advice. Use your personal reflection and deep conversations to set up a plan for the rest of the year. You might enjoy On the Other Side of Freedom (Sept. 4, Viking) by activist and Black Lives Matter organizer DeRay Mckesson. It’s a powerful essay collection that is part memoir, part philosophy, and part how-to guide for political activism. Pisces (February 19-March 20) September will bring some turmoil in your life. Colleagues may pull you into personal drama, so try to keep the peace and be prepared to draw boundaries where necessary. Finances are tough this month as well, so limit excess spending if possible. Luckily, turmoil in romantic relationships may ultimately bring some excitement and happiness. Embrace the chaos and it may work in your favor. Read a fast-paced thriller, like When the Lights Go Out (Sept. 4, Park Row) by Mary Kubica. Jessie has led a quiet life taking care of her terminally ill mother. When she decides to change direction and apply to college, a red flag from her social security number unearths a mystery that causes her to question her identity. We hope you enjoyed your September 2018 Horoscopes and Book Recommendations! Looking for more? Check out your suggestions for  June, July, and August!

Sex and Violence, Religion and Technology Themes in Fritz Langs Metropolis - Literature Essay Samples

Shaken by the effects of World War I and forever changed by the Industrial Revolution of the 19th century, 1920s Germany found itself in a dilemma: how to cope with increasingly pervasive technology and the rapid evolution present in every segment of society? With technology offering humans the ability to kill more people in less time than had ever been imagined, Modernism attempted to mediate between those in positions of power, the Heads, and those in positions of submission, the Hands. In 1926, Fritz Lang attempted to address this problem with his landmark film, Metropolis, set in an exaggerated, Manhattan-esque cityscape and a dystopian, divided society. In the film, Lang proposes that The mediator between the head and hands must be the heart! While perhaps overly simplistic, Langs film nonetheless provides a strong commentary on technologys effect on society, a paleomodernist use of religious motifery and symbolism, and an exploration of feminine sexuality as a parallel of techn ology. The film starts with a scene of the shift change, depicting uniform-clad workers shuffling silently to an elevator that will take them from the underground Workers City to the machines that power the metropolis above. Both the machine and the city served as prototypes for future science fiction films: the machine full of dials, the levers and steam, and the city portrayed as an expanse of dazzling lights and skyscrapers. We then see the vast difference between the workers and the upper class when the film moves to the Club of Sons, where young upper-class men and women including the films hero, Freder Frederson play and flirt in the Eternal Gardens. Initially blissfully unaware of the workers plight, Freder flirts like the rest of his friends. But when a beautiful young worker woman appears in the garden surrounded by worker children, he falls instantly in love. When the woman leaves, his love drives him to the Machine, where he witnesses firsthand the terrible conditions. Particularly stunning is a sequence in which a worker collapses from exhaustion at his station, causing the Machine to overload and explode. As Freder stares wildly at the billowing machine, it becomes a giant, gaping mouth of the monster-god Moloch, and he watches the workers shuffle into the steaming mouth like sacrificial lambs to the slaughter. Clearly, Lang presents technology as powerful and dangerous. Andreas Huyssen, in contrast, presents two opposing views of technology: an expressionist view that emphasizes technologys oppressive and destructive potential, and one that describes the unbridled confidence in technical progress and social engineering of the technology cult of the Neue Sachlichkeit using the New Tower of Babel, which has both technological and religious symbolism. In the film, the New Tower of Babel lies at the center of the city, and at its top is the office of Joh Frederson, Freders father, and the ruler and architect of Metropolis. Representing the Head o f Lang epigraph, he designs and constructs his utopian city along strictly rational and functionalist lines. Also built into the citys utilitarian design, however, is a panoptical system of control, closely related to the factory management system of Henry Ford, with Frederson at its head. In this system, the workers must function like machines, in perfect rhythm and formation, and as a consequence their individual identities and even their gender are indeterminate. They are the Hands of Metropolis, and, like the hand of the mad scientist Rotwang, which has been replaced by a prosthetic, they are mechanical and replaceable. In fact, Frederson too is shown as rigid and mechanical, lacking in spirit and emotion (e.g. the firing of his secretary) and thus the Body of Metropolis is an inanimate, mechanical result of technology. Only the mediation of the Heart can bring much-needed life to the city. We soon see who is to provide this mediation. Freder visits his father in the New Tower of Babel to convince him to provide better conditions for the workers, only to see his father casually dismiss his concerns. Frustrated, Freder journeys below again, this time to work the Machine himself. He convinces a worker to switch clothes with him, and after working a grueling ten-hour shift, finds a map to a secret meeting place through the underground catacombs. Following this map with many other workers, he finds himself in an underground chapel, where he sees Maria, the young woman who captured his heart in the Eternal Gardens. She leads the workers in a kind of religious service full of Christian allegory, and tells them the Biblical story of the Tower of Babel. When the workers begin to express their frustration at the lack of change, she urges them to be patient, for the mediator the heart will soon come. It is at this moment that Freder realizes his destiny: to be the mediator between the Head of Metropolis, his father, and the Hands, its workers. It is also at this moment, though, that Joh Frederson has been led down the catacombs to just above the chapel by his old accomplice (and rival) Rotwang the Inventor. Rotwang has been working on a robot-man, a Maschinenmensch, which is complete save for its face. Seeing Marias sway over the workers, he tells Rotwang to give his robot Marias likeness, so that they might use her to convince the workers to revolt, giving Frederson an excuse to punish them. This robot becomes the second symbol of technology in the film, but now bears the likeness of an actual human and thus has the ability to commit far more malicious, damaging acts. Once Rotwang has kidnapped Maria and given the robot her likeness, the Robot Maria convinces the workers to riot. They storm the machine, not realizing that though the machine is the source of their oppression, it also gives them life. They destroy the machine, and in doing so cause the underground Workers City to flood, forgetting that their children are still there. Tech nology as the Robot Maria has manipulated the Hands into an out-of-control frenzy; whereas before both machine and worker existed together in a rhythmic, hypnotic state, both are now imperiled by the manic energy the Robot Maria has given them. The ordered, balanced city of Metropolis thus descends into instinct-driven chaos out of the frying pan and into the fire, so to speak. As the workers revolt continues above ground, they meet an equally frenzied mass of upper-class men, who are sexually excited after having witnessed an erotic dance performed by the Robot Maria. The two mobs clash, but when the workers remember their children, they turn on the Robot Maria and Joh Frederson. After burning her at the stake, they learn that their children have been saved by Freder and the real Maria, who are engaged in a life-or-death battle on the roof of the great cathedral with the now completely delusional Rotwang. Freder wins, and because of his heroic act, also saves his father from an unpleasant end from the mob. Taking the hands of his father and the foreman and bringing them together, he becomes the mediator between Head and Hands. Metropolis seems to imply that this mediation is needed to resolve the split between the repressive, overly rational technological law of Frederson with the irrational, uncanny and occult feminine technology by reintegrating a repressed feminine nature or spirit (the heart) and a masculine rationality and will (the brain). Even on an etymological level, the lost significance of the metropolis as mother-city is reintegrated into the modern and functional metropolis that Frederson the Father has created. It is interesting, though, that despite these reintegrations, the main reconciliation at the films end seems to take place more between the Head and the Heart, rather than the Head and the Hands. In the end, the Hands are still subject to the rule of the Head, though it is a rule hopefully softened by the influence of the Heart. It i s hard to know whether this was an oversight or truly the vision Lang wished to depict. Either way, given the symbolism of the New Tower of Babel as modern technology and the cathedral as an heir to the mythical Aryan Gothic tradition, the city of Metropolis is a full representation of the dream of a mediated, aestheticized modern city. While the images of technologys effects provide poignant commentary on German (and Western) society of the 1920s, equally powerful are the religious motifs and symbolism that are pervasive throughout the film. Just as the films technology gave a dystopian, neo-modernist bend to the film, the films religious overtones provide it with a paleo-modernist angle. This perspective questions religions role in modern society and the place religious symbolism and art have in a modern city such as Metropolis. And, in fine paleo-modernist fashion, Lang seems to be saying that religious symbolism maintains a firm grip on modern art. Our resident paleomodernist, Thomas Mann, with his fascination with Faust, Satan, angels and fatalism, would be proud. At the films beginning, Freder exists as a blissfully ignorant flirt in the Edenic Eternal Gardens of the high reaches of the city. When Maria appears, though, Freder is infected with a taste of knowledge of something beyond the realm of his experience, much as Adam, given the apple from the Tree of Knowledge by Eve, experienced knowledge. Just as Adam was expelled from the Garden of Eden, Freder is compelled to leave the Eternal Gardens and his position of comfort and ignorance to pursue the taste of knowledge offered by Maria. Even early in the film, Freder and Maria are introduced as figures with Biblical qualities, and only intensifies when they meet again in the chapel. Along with Freders position as the mediator between the Head and the Hands, the Christian symbolism is obvious: Freder is meant to be the Christ-figure, a mediator between the Father, Joh (Jehovah) Frederson, and humanity, the workers. Thus a kind of triangle, even trinity, is established. Freders symbolism at this point had already been strongly hinted at when he works his ten-hour shift at the Machine. Struggling against exhaustion to keep the two hands of the control dial for the Pater Noster machine at the correct positions, he becomes crucified before the clock, crying out, Father, Father! Why have you forsaken me? just as Jesus did during the Crucifixion. In addition to the triangle formed by Freder, Frederson and the workers, a second triangle is formed by Freder, Frederson and Maria, who is introduced as a symbolic Virgin Mary, who stands for the positive aspects of the workers/humanity. Later, as the Robot Maria, she embodies humanitys destructive aspects. As suggested earlier, Maria seems to represent the Heart more than the Hands. It is difficult to feel as though the hands have a significant role in determining their own fate, which seems to be controlled more by the actions of Father and Son than humanity itself. The Bible also has a strong tendency to depict women as either virgins or prostitutes, with little room in between. This is certainly the case with the pure, innocent Maria, whose double, the Robot Maria, is a sexual, erotic vamp. When Freder finds Maria in the underground chapel, his overwhelming desire to play Christ [meshes] perfectly with [Marias] image of the virgin mother awaiting the Savior. In the chapel, though, Maria is already an object of male admiration, though as a maternal and soothing figure. As the Robot Maria, she becomes the opposite: the vamp who inspires lust, envy and other sins. As the Robot Maria dances before a group of dandy upper class men, Lang creates a montage of chaotically flashing images: in a room in the nearby Gothic Cathedral, statue representations of the Grim Reaper and the Seven Deadly Sins come alive, further suggesting the Robot Marias ability to inspire sin. Thus Lang continues the Biblical tradition of regard ing feminine power as a threat, weaving it into his depiction of dangerous technology gone wild. Additionally, with the ability to create woman by himself, Rotwang, a symbol of Man, is able to live on his own, independent even of God. The most complete technologization of nature appears as re-naturalization, as a progress back to nature. Man is at long last alone at one with himself. The primary difference between the film and the Bible is that while Biblical virgins were held in high esteem, in Metropolis, the virgin Maria is as much a threat to Frederson as is the vamp. As the maternal virgin, Maria promotes the reign of the Heart, and thus of affection, emotion and nurturing all of which are in opposition to Fredersons dream of a rational, efficient working force. As the vamp, though at first obedient to Rotwang and Frederson, her sexuality soon overpowers both of them, and this out-of-control sexuality parallels Fredersons loss of control over the technology whose creation he o versaw. Indeed, overall Lang presents a very negative opinion of mens inner desires regarding women. In his narrative, Lang continuously simulates the male gaze with the position of the camera, which then constructs the female object as a technological artifact seen through the mechanical eye of the camera. Huyssen refers to this gaze as an ambiguous mesh of desires: desire to control, desire to rape, and ultimately desire to kill, the last of which ultimately finds its gratification in the burning of the Robot Maria at the stake. In a related Biblical theme, the Flood towards the films end, we see similar themes of out-of-control sexuality. Just before he sees Maria for the first time in the Eternal Gardens, Freder is just about to kiss a young woman by a fountain. When Maria appears, she becomes a new object of desire. At this stage, while there is some sexuality, it is also a somewhat naive desire for Marias virginal being that inhabits Freder, a desire that is represented by th e controlled flow of water in the fountain. As the Robot Maria gains power, the flood of sin-inducing sexuality is shown by the literal flooding of the Workers City, caused by the vamps rebellion against the Machine. To further the symbolism, Freder must journey through the vaginal tunnels of the catacombs to the reach the chapel, the womb of the Virgin Mother Maria. The virginal state of femininity is thus safe. When Rotwang creates the vamp, however, he releases feminine sexuality. And, just as a girl begins to menstruate when she transitions from virgin to sexual being, the Robot Marias sexuality causes the Workers City to flood. Another powerful Biblical symbol is found in Marias tale of the Tower of Babel, whose destruction is caused by the inability of those at the Head to communicate with the workers at the Hands of the creative force. Language thus obstructs progress, as the workers are not speaking the same language as those in power. Lang questions the role of technology as a communicator, drawing attention to the fact that technologies of communication present a false sense of immediacy and give rise to mere illusions of self-expression and authentic being. Technology in Metropolis, though a great sign of progress in Fredersons mind, is in fact an inhibitor of progress and a suppression of individuality, freedom and truth. Lang also presents the idea of abstract knowledge as inherently evil. Rotwang possesses perhaps the greatest knowledge in Metropolis, in the form of dusty old volumes with worn pages, yet this knowledge is deeply corrupted by the depravity of its owner. This question calls to mind the two types of experience referred to by Walter Benjamin: the first being erlebnis, the experience that happens in the moment of some kind of action, and the second erfahrung, the type of experience equated with knowledge. Both of these types of experience pose difficulties for language, because they have no lingual precedent. It seems that Langs ul timate goal was to present an expression of the modern experience, an experience which was in many ways unimaginable by societies existing just a few decades earlier. To achieve this, Lang used the technological corruption of a dystopian city, combined with paleomodernist Biblical motifs and use of feminine sexuality in conjunction with the pervasive nature of modern technology. Despite his dour imagery and somber predictions, though, Langs film ends on a note of hope: that with the mediation of the Heart, Head and Hands can be joined. Langs hope seems to be that, despite the chaos and destruction presented by modern technology, a mediator will be found to temper both humanitys need to use technology maliciously and technologys habit of quickly evolving beyond the control of its creators. Metropolis is set in the year 2026; as we approach the year 2005, it would be wise to ask ourselves whether we are headed towards the dystopia of Joh Fredersons Metropolis, or rather towards a brig hter, mediated, harmonious future.

Waste Management Scandal - 883 Words

Waste Management Scandal BUS 320 Finance 1/8/16 Waste Management Waste Management Incorporated is considered the nations largest waste collector (Feder). Waste Management is a well known brand and dominates regions of the United States and Canada where they provide services. Anyone who sees their trucks tends to think, Garbage. During the early 1990s, instead of just picking up the garbage, Waste Management provided garbage to their investors in the form of an accounting scandal. This scandal would eventually cost investors around 6 billion dollars (Bloomberg News). This event was described by the associate director of the SECs Division of Enforcement, Thomas C. Newkirk, as possibly one of the most egregious accounting frauds†¦show more content†¦Waste Management survived as an entity for several reasons. For one reason, they were a profitable company versus an operation using accounting fraud simply to survive. The company had made money, in fact a lot of money, but nothing close to the numbers provided by the executive team. Secondly, the new management took their roles very seriously and rather than shuffling their feet and papering over the problem, they acted. The new management came clean with the public, settled with shareholders, and paid $26.8 million of the $30.8 million to settle an SEC lawsuit against their former executives (Bloomberg News). This proved to be a cheaper option than continuing their obligation to pay the legal costs of fighting the suit for the group. Lastly, Waste Management was and still is a leader in the environmental side of waste hauling. They have figured out a way to profit from recycling which is of course a big issue in our nation and the world today. While people may never forget the accounting scandal, today Waste Management is seen as a leader in green projects. The goodwill from this and a competent management team have the company in a favorable position less than 15 years after the scandal which must be considered as very strong accomplishment. Works Cited Feder, Barnaby J. Waste Management Stuck in Accounting Mire. Ed. New YorkShow MoreRelatedWaste Management Scandal861 Words   |  4 PagesWaste Management, Inc. is the nations largest waste collector (Feder). In other words, they collect and recycle garbage. They are a known brand and dominate the regions of the country and Canada where they provide services. Grownups and kids alike see their trucks and think, Garbage. Which could sound awful, but garbage is lucrative. In the early 1990s, Waste Management, instead of just picking up the garbage, provided garbage to their investors in the form of an accounting scandal whichRead MoreWaste Management Scandal Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesWaste Management Scandal Dean Buntrock established Waste Management, Inc. in 1968. 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Black Lives Matter By Alex Nabaum - 920 Words

Hate Group or Civil Rights Movement- ‘Black Lives Matter’ The New York Times article ‘The Truth of ‘Black Lives Matter’, written by author Alex Nabaum examines the actions of some members of the Republican Party, whom in the opinion of the writer are actively shaping the civil right movement’s message into a hate group directive. It’s controversial because critics state ‘Black Lives Matter’ Movement, implies black lives are more valuable than white lives. The battle is literally being turned into a black and white issue which according to the author Nabaum this misdirection is intentional. Nabaum primarily writes on social issues such as the United States tarnished reputation around the world. Low income student’s experiences when attending Ivy League colleges. Nabaum being a writer for a news source that’s been around since 1801 (New York Times) helps to distinguish this writer as a creditable source. The arti cle is effective demonstrating why the civil rights movement has selected phrasing that is considered inflammatory by some Americans and exhibits why this movement is not a hate group. Nabaum explores the history of violence towards African Americans and how in most instances the violence is accept by all Americans. He scrutinizes how social change happens for the African American community frequently following a public and shocking acts of violence. He analysis the history of how African Americans have been killed for wanting the right to vote and reflects howShow MoreRelatedHbr When Your Core Business Is Dying74686 Words   |  299 PagesAdministration . . . . . . . . . 20 Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr (WilmerHale) . . . . 100 Winslow Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 12 Harvard Business Review | April 2007 | hbr.org Saving lives will mean refrigerating blood and vaccines where no power grids exist. Are you ready? Emerson.com The Emerson logo is a trademark and a service mark of Emerson Electric Co.  © 2007 Emerson Electric Co. Network Power†¢Process Management†¢Climate

The Complications Associated With Diabetes Mellitus ( Dm )

Abstract This paper explores the complications associated with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) including altered tissue perfusion. Altered tissue perfusion occurs as a result of DM and can cause many complications such as diabetic foot ulcers. Although altered tissue perfusion is not the only cause of ulcers, it contributes to the acceleration and degeneration of tissue once an ulcer forms. This paper also covers nursing diagnoses, individualized nursing interventions, patient and treatment goals as well as evaluation of outcomes, associated with an actual patient. I was able to treat a patient with hyperglycemia within my critical care clinical experience. It also covers the psychosocial concepts that influence teaching readiness, growth and†¦show more content†¦Small arteries in diabetic patients experience changes due to increased atherosclerosis. Tissue perfusion depends upon fasting plasma glucose and fasting insulin levels which are also dependent upon how sensitive the patien t is to the insulin. Increased permeability to large molecules such as albumin is increased in diabetes, which can be associated with hyperglycemia (Levy, et al., 2008). Studies have shown patients with type 2 diabetes experience decreased coronary flow which is related to hemoglobin A1C and fasting plasma glucose levels (Marketou, et al., 2008). Mild insulin resistance can also be associated with a decrease in coronary flow. In addition, a decrease in myocardial perfusion in diabetic patients is related to decreased blood flow. An impairment in peripheral circulation leads to ischemia, which is associated with pain in the lower legs called intermittent claudication, which may result in lacerations of the feet (Levy, et al., 2008). Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) can cause thrombosis of the arteries causing tissue death. Gangrene from Diabetes Mellitus (DM) can lead to amputations beginning in the toes and moving into the foot (Lemone, Burke, Bauldoff, 2011). Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease that has become an epidemic as it effects more and more the population each year. DM is a group of metabolic diseases, stemmed from the Endocrine systems, characterized by hyperglycemia